SEF Undergraduate Handbook 2025-26
4. Assessment
4.8. Plagiarism and referencing

Queen Mary defines plagiarism as: “Presenting someone else’s work as your own, irrespective of intention. Close paraphrasing, copying from the work of another person, including another student, using the ideas of another person without proper acknowledgement or repeating work you have previously submitted – at Queen Mary or at another institution - without properly referencing yourself (known as ‘self plagiarism’) also constitutes plagiarism.”
Plagiarism is a serious offence and all students suspected of plagiarism will be subject to an investigation. If found guilty, penalties can include failure of the module to suspension or permanent withdrawal from Queen Mary.
It is your responsibility to ensure that you understand plagiarism and how to avoid it. The recommendations below can help you in avoiding plagiarism.
- Be sure to record your sources when taking notes, and to cite these if you use ideas or, especially, quotations from the original source. Be particularly careful if you are cutting and pasting information between two documents, and ensure that references are not lost in the process.
- Be sensible in referencing ideas – commonly held views that are generally accepted do not always require acknowledgment to particular sources. However, it is best to be safe to avoid plagiarism.
- Be particularly careful with quotations and paraphrasing.
- Be aware that technology, such as Turnitin, is now available at Queen Mary and elsewhere that can automatically detect plagiarism.
- Ensure that all works used are referenced appropriately in the text of your work and fully credited in your bibliography.
If in doubt, ask for further guidance from your Advisor or module organiser.
You should format a short quotation like this: “Productivity isn’t everything, but in the long run it is almost everything” (Krugman, 1994, p. 13).
Longer quotations can be presented as indented paragraphs (that is, with wider margins than the rest of the text), again with a full reference.
In the bibliography you should give information about the reference:
- For a book, the author’s name, title, publisher, date and place of publication.
- For an article in a journal or magazine, the author’s name, title, name of publication, volume number, and pages.
For example: Krugman, Paul (1994) The Age of Diminished Expectations, MIT Press, Cambridge.
If your source is secondary (that is, you are borrowing from one author a quote by another), you must indicate this and give the source you used as well as the original.
For example: “The economic problem of society is mainly one of adaptation to changes in particular circumstances of time and place.” (Hayek, 1945, p. 524, cited in Williamson, 1985).
Of the two sources it is essential to list as a reference the one you have actually consulted, though not necessarily the other. In the example:
Williamson, Oliver E. (1985) The Economic Institutions of Capitalism, Free Press, London.
Hayek, F. (1945) “The Use of Knowledge in Society”, American Economic Review, vol. 35, pp. 519–30.
Indirect quotation is summarising or changing the words of your source but keeping the idea. Indirect quotation must be acknowledged in the same way as direct quotation. An indirect version of the Krugman quote above might be:
According to Krugman (1994, p. 13), in the long run productivity is almost everything.
The reference should then be listed in the same way.
You should acknowledge informal sources such as statements by lecturers, for example: “Conservative economic policy was a series of unmitigated disasters” (Professor Whatsisname, lecture, 10 October 2019).
You should give the source of numerical data that you use in your writing or in graphs and tables. Giving the source allows the data to be checked and allows the marker to confirm you are making correct use of statistics.
If you have any questions about referencing and avoiding plagiarism, please ask your Advisor or another member of academic staff.
Further resources and guidance are available at https://www.qmul.ac.uk/library/academic-skills/