This module explores the history and theory of radical forms of authoritarian politics in the twentieth century. Starting in the turbulent aftermath of the First World War, we look at how political movements across Europe took advantage of the collapse of empires and breakdown of political order to establish new governments understood as 'totalitarian'. Why did Italian fascism, Nazism and Stalinism emerge, and how did they function? Through the Second World War and Cold War to the 'War on Terror' and fears of techno-authoritarianism, students will explore how 'totalitarianism' has been theorised and debated by writers, activists and scholars. The course combines political, cultural and intellectual history, with class readings including classic primary sources and later secondary literature. Themes covered include fascism and communism, racism and colonialism, terror and resistance. Throughout this module students will consider what the contested history and theory of 'totalitarianism' can tell us about modern politics.
