This module examines the precise molecular details of transcription and translation using bacteriophage, prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms as illustrative examples. Gene structure is illustrated in the context of how a gene is transcribed to produce RNA, how the RNA is processed and translated to produce protein and how these processes are regulated through other DNA sequences and proteins. An introduction to bioinformatics will explain how to recognise, compile and identify genes and infer protein sequence, from DNA sequence. This will include procedures for interrogating public sequence databases, transcriptomics and and molecular classification.