This module explores the complex and interconnected relationship between business and the environment, focusing on the multifaceted nature of the ecological problem and the ways in which economic activity both drives and responds to environmental change. It examines the ecological impacts of key industries—food and agriculture, automotive manufacturing, and electricity generation—and critically evaluates how effective corporate eco-business strategies in these sectors have been in addressing environmental harm. The module also situates business within a wider social and institutional context, considering the role of broader societal approaches in tackling ecological challenges, with particular attention to the circular economy, the Green New Deal, and Indigenous perspectives on sustainability and environmental stewardship.