Placing a Footnote:

1. Footnote reference numbers should, wherever practical, be placed at the end of a sentence.
2. Footnote reference numbers should come after the punctuation mark (so where the number appears at the end of the sentence, the number should follow the final full stop). There should not be a space between the full stop and the footnote number.
3. The only punctuation a footnote number should precede is the dash.

Other Practical Footnoting Matters:

1. Footnotes should be kept to a minimum, and limited to what is strictly necessary.
2. No footnote should document references to more than one paragraph.
3. A note reference number should not be repeated.
4. Do not attach a footnote reference number to a title or subtitle.
5. Full publication details need to be given only on the first occasion a text is cited: thereafter it should be cited in an abbreviated form (as discussed in the next section).

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Citation Techniques:

• What are footnotes and citations for?
• Citational and discursive footnotes
• Placing a footnote
• Methods of limiting footnotes
• 'Ibid', 'loc. cit.' and 'op.cit.'
• Abbreviations found in citations
• Citing Indirect Sources
• Personal Citation Hygiene
• A Footnote Exercise

Citation Theory:

• The History of Footnotes
• The History of Footnote Systems and Style Guides
• The MHRA Style Guide
• Footnotes and Narrative